vrijdag 17 oktober 2008

Shlomo Sand en When and How the Jewish People Was Invented? 2

Nog meer uit Haaretz

'Shattering a 'national mythology'
By Ofri Ilani
Tags: Palestinians

Of all the national heroes who have arisen from among the Jewish people over the generations, fate has not been kind to Dahia al-Kahina, a leader of the Berbers in the Aures Mountains. Although she was a proud Jewess, few Israelis have ever heard the name of this warrior-queen who, in the seventh century C.E., united a number of Berber tribes and pushed back the Muslim army that invaded North Africa. It is possible that the reason for this is that al-Kahina was the daughter of a Berber tribe that had converted to Judaism, apparently several generations before she was born, sometime around the 6th century C.E. According to the Tel Aviv University historian, Prof. Shlomo Sand, author of "Matai ve'ech humtza ha'am hayehudi?" ("When and How the Jewish People Was Invented?"; Resling, in Hebrew), the queen's tribe and other local tribes that converted to Judaism are the main sources from which Spanish Jewry sprang. This claim that the Jews of North Africa originated in indigenous tribes that became Jewish - and not in communities exiled from Jerusalem - is just one element of the far- reaching argument set forth in Sand's new book. In this work, the author attempts to prove that the Jews now living in Israel and other places in the world are not at all descendants of the ancient people who inhabited the Kingdom of Judea during the First and Second Temple period. Their origins, according to him, are in varied peoples that converted to Judaism during the course of history, in different corners of the Mediterranean Basin and the adjacent regions. Not only are the North African Jews for the most part descendants of pagans who converted to Judaism, but so are the Jews of Yemen (remnants of the Himyar Kingdom in the Arab Peninsula, who converted to Judaism in the fourth century) and the Ashkenazi Jews of Eastern Europe (refugees from the Kingdom of the Khazars, who converted in the eighth century).'

1 opmerking:

yelamdenu zei

Er zijn twee kanten aan deze zaak. Aan de ene kant de feitelijke immigratie van Judeeërs naar elders. O.a. in Mesopotamië en Egypte was het vrij duidelijk dat er Judeeërs woonden, die soms hun eigen tempels voor de god Jhwh wisten te bouwen (zoals in Elefantine, Egypte).
Net zoals de Grieken in klein-Azië zaten en de Ugarieten en weet ik wie op Kreta, zaten er ook Judeeërs in veel delen van het Middellandse Zeegebied.

Dat is wat anders dan "het Jodendom", de hellenistische, monotheïstische religie die in zekere zin al bestond ten tijde van Jezus en "de Tora" als uitgangspunt had. Die religie kon worden gepredikt en overgenomen door anderen. Jezus heeft het in het NT over de "Farizeeën die stad en land afreizen om één bekeerling te maken, maar zich niet druk maken om de verloren schapen van Israël" (even uit m'n hoofd). Dat is dus de andere kant, die van de feitelijke bekering.

Ironisch genoeg was Jezus dus gekant tegen het "bekeren" (tot inkeer brengen) van niet-Judeeërs/niet-Israëlieten; ironisch omdat de missie snel zou toeslaan in het christendom, terwijl het jodendom nu doet alsof missie en bekering van buitenstaanders een soort half-taboe is.

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