Russia's
president blamed foreign intervention in North Africa and the Middle
East for creating a terrorist-fueled "anarchy." (Reuters)
PUTIN (THROUGH INTERPRETER): Your
excellency Mr. President, your excellency Mr. Secretary General,
distinguished heads of state and government, ladies and gentlemen, the
70th anniversary of the United Nations is a good occasion to both take
stock of history and talk about our common future.
In 1945, the countries that defeated Nazism joined their efforts to lay solid foundations for the postwar world order.
But
I remind you that the key decisions on the principles guiding the
cooperation among states, as well as on the establishment of the United
Nations, were made in our country, in Yalta, at the meeting of the
anti-Hitler coalition leaders.
The Yalta system was actually born in travail. It was won at the cost of tens of millions of lives and two world wars.
This swept through the planet in the 20th century.
Let
us be fair. It helped humanity through turbulent, at times dramatic,
events of the last seven decades. It saved the world from large-scale
upheavals.
The United Nations is unique in its legitimacy,
representation and universality. It is true that lately the U.N. has
been widely criticized for supposedly not being efficient enough, and
for the fact that the decision-making on fundamental issues stalls due
to insurmountable differences, first of all, among the members of the
Security Council.
However, I'd like to point out there have
always been differences in the U.N. throughout all these 70 years of
existence. The veto right has always been exercised by the United
States, the United Kingdom, France, China, the Soviet Union and Russia
later, alike. It is absolutely natural for so diverse and representative
an organization.
When the U.N. was established, its founders did
not in the least think that there would always be unanimity. The
mission of the organization is to seek and reach compromises, and its
strength comes from taking different views and opinions into
consideration. Decisions debated within the U.N. are either taken as
resolutions or not. As diplomats say, they either pass or do not pass.
Whatever
actions any state might take bypassing this procedure are illegitimate.
They run counter to the charter and defy international law. We all know
that after the end of the Cold War — everyone is aware of that — a
single center of domination emerged in the world, and then those who
found themselves at the top of the pyramid were tempted to think that if
they were strong and exceptional, they knew better and they did not
have to reckon with the U.N., which, instead of [acting to]
automatically authorize and legitimize the necessary decisions, often
creates obstacles or, in other words, stands in the way.
It has
now become commonplace to see that in its original form, it has become
obsolete and completed its historical mission. Of course, the world is
changing and the U.N. must be consistent with this natural
transformation. Russia stands ready to work together with its partners
on the basis of full consensus, but we consider the attempts to
undermine the legitimacy of the United Nations as extremely dangerous.
They could lead to a collapse of the entire architecture of
international organizations, and then indeed there would be no other
rules left but the rule of force.
We would get a world dominated
by selfishness rather than collective work, a world increasingly
characterized by dictate rather than equality. There would be less of a
chain of democracy and freedom, and that would be a world where true
independent states would be replaced by an ever-growing number of de
facto protectorates and externally controlled territories.
What
is the state sovereignty, after all, that has been mentioned by our
colleagues here? It is basically about freedom and the right to choose
freely one's own future for every person, nation and state. By the way,
dear colleagues, the same holds true of the question of the so-called
legitimacy of state authority. One should not play with or manipulate
words.
Every term in international law and international affairs
should be clear, transparent and have uniformly understood criteria. We
are all different, and we should respect that. No one has to conform to a
single development model that someone has once and for all recognized
as the only right one. We should all remember what our past has taught
us.
We
also remember certain episodes from the history of the Soviet Union.
Social experiments for export, attempts to push for changes within other
countries based on ideological preferences, often led to tragic
consequences and to degradation rather than progress.
It seemed,
however, that far from learning from others' mistakes, everyone just
keeps repeating them, and so the export of revolutions, this time of
so-called democratic ones, continues. It would suffice to look at the
situation in the Middle East and North Africa, as has been mentioned by
previous speakers. Certainly political and social problems in this
region have been piling up for a long time, and people there wish for
changes naturally.
But how did it actually turn out? Rather than
bringing about reforms, an aggressive foreign interference has resulted
in a brazen destruction of national institutions and the lifestyle
itself. Instead of the triumph of democracy and progress, we got
violence, poverty and social disaster. Nobody cares a bit about human
rights, including the right to life.
I cannot help asking those
who have caused the situation, do you realize now what you've done? But I
am afraid no one is going to answer that. Indeed, policies based on
self-conceit and belief in one's exceptionality and impunity have never
been abandoned.
It is now obvious that the power vacuum created
in some countries of the Middle East and North Africa through the
emergence of anarchy areas, which immediately started to be filled with
extremists and terrorists.
Tens of thousands of militants are
fighting under the banners of the so-called Islamic State. Its ranks
include former Iraqi servicemen who were thrown out into the street
after the invasion of Iraq in 2003. Many recruits also come from Libya, a
country whose statehood was destroyed as a result of a gross violation
of the U.N. Security Council Resolution 1973. And now, the ranks of
radicals are being joined by the members of the so-called moderate
Syrian opposition supported by the Western countries.
First,
they are armed and trained and then they defect to the so-called
Islamic State. Besides, the Islamic State itself did not just come from
nowhere. It was also initially forged as a tool against undesirable
secular regimes.
Having established a foothold in Iraq and Syria,
the Islamic State has begun actively expanding to other regions. It is
seeking dominance in the Islamic world. And not only there, and its
plans go further than that. The situation is more than dangerous.
In
these circumstances, it is hypocritical and irresponsible to make loud
declarations about the threat of international terrorism while turning a
blind eye to the channels of financing and supporting terrorists,
including the process of trafficking and illicit trade in oil and arms.
It would be equally irresponsible to try to manipulate extremist groups
and place them at one's service in order to achieve one's own political
goals in the hope of later dealing with them or, in other words,
liquidating them.
To those who do so, I would like to say — dear
sirs, no doubt you are dealing with rough and cruel people, but they're
in no way primitive or silly. They are just as clever as you are, and
you never know who is manipulating whom. And the recent data on arms
transferred to this most moderate opposition is the best proof of it.
We
believe that any attempts to play games with terrorists, let alone to
arm them, are not just short-sighted, but fire hazardous (ph). This may
result in the global terrorist threat increasing dramatically and
engulfing new regions, especially given that Islamic State camps train
militants from many countries, including the European countries.
Unfortunately,
dear colleagues, I have to put it frankly: Russia is not an exception.
We cannot allow these criminals who already tasted blood to return back
home and continue their evil doings. No one wants this to happen, does
he?
Russia has always been consistently fighting against
terrorism in all its forms. Today, we provide military and technical
assistance both to Iraq and Syria and many other countries of the region
who are fighting terrorist groups.
We
think it is an enormous mistake to refuse to cooperate with the Syrian
government and its armed forces, who are valiantly fighting terrorism
face to face. We should finally acknowledge that no one but President
Assad's armed forces and Kurds (ph) militias are truly fighting the
Islamic State and other terrorist organizations in Syria.
We know about all the problems and contradictions in the region, but which were (ph) based on the reality.
Dear
colleagues, I must note that such an honest and frank approach of
Russia has been recently used as a pretext to accuse it of its growing
ambitions, as if those who say it have no ambitions at all.
However,
it's not about Russia's ambitions, dear colleagues, but about the
recognition of the fact that we can no longer tolerate the current state
of affairs in the world. What we actually propose is to be guided by
common values and common interests, rather than ambitions.
On the
basis of international law, we must join efforts to address the
problems that all of us are facing and create a genuinely broad
international coalition against terrorism.
Similar to the
anti-Hitler coalition, it could unite a broad range of forces that are
resolutely resisting those who, just like the Nazis, sow evil and hatred
of humankind. And, naturally, the Muslim countries are to play a key
role in the coalition, even more so because the Islamic State does not
only pose a direct threat to them, but also desecrates one of the
greatest world religions by its bloody crimes.
The ideologists
(ph) of militants make a mockery of Islam and pervert its true
humanistic (ph) values. I would like to address Muslim spiritual
leaders, as well. Your authority and your guidance are of great
importance right now.
It is essential to prevent people recruited
by militants from making hasty decisions and those who have already
been deceived, and who, due to various circumstances found themselves
among terrorists, need help in finding a way back to normal life, laying
down arms, and putting an end to fratricide.
Russia will shortly
convene, as the (ph) current president of the Security Council, a
ministerial meeting to carry out a comprehensive analysis of threats in
the Middle East.
First of all, we propose discussing whether it
is possible to agree on a resolution aimed at coordinating the actions
of all the forces that confront the Islamic State and other terrorist
organizations. Once again, this coordination should be based on the
principles of the U.N. Charter.
We hope that the international
community will be able to develop a comprehensive strategy of political
stabilization, as well as social and economic recovery, of the Middle
East.
Then, dear friends, there would be no need for new refugee
camps. Today, the flow of people who were forced to leave their homeland
has literally engulfed first neighboring countries and then Europe
itself. There were hundreds of thousands of them now, and there might be
millions before long. In fact, it is a new great and tragic migration
of peoples, and it is a harsh lesson for all of us, including Europe.
I
would like to stress refugees undoubtedly need our compassion and
support. However, the — on the way to solve this problem at a
fundamental level is to restore their statehood where it has been
destroyed, to strengthen the government institutions where they still
exist or are being reestablished, to provide comprehensive assistance of
military, economic and material nature to countries in a difficult
situation. And certainly, to those people who, despite all the ordeals,
will not abandon their homes. Literally, any assistance to sovereign
states can and must be offered rather than imposed exclusively and
solely in accordance with the U.N. Charter.
In other words,
everything in this field that has been done or will be done pursuant to
the norms of international law must be supported by our organization.
Everything that contravenes the U.N. Charter must be rejected. Above
all, I believe it is of the utmost importance to help restore
government's institutions in Libya, support the new government of Iraq
and provide comprehensive assistance to the legitimate government of
Syria.
Dear colleagues, ensuring peace and regional and global
stability remains the key objective of the international community with
the U.N. at its helm. We believe this means creating a space of equal
and indivisible security, which is not for the select few but for
everyone. Yet, it is a challenge and complicated and time-consuming
task, but there is simply no other alternative. However, the bloc
thinking of the times of the Cold War and the desire to explore new
geopolitical areas is still present among some of our colleagues.
First,
they continue their policy of expanding NATO. What for? If the Warsaw
Bloc stopped its existence, the Soviet Union have collapsed (ph) and,
nevertheless, the NATO continues expanding as well as its military
infrastructure. Then they offered the poor Soviet countries a false
choice: either to be with the West or with the East. Sooner or later,
this logic of confrontation was bound to spark off a grave geopolitical
crisis. This is exactly what happened in Ukraine, where the discontent
of population with the current authorities was used and the military
coup was orchestrated from outside — that triggered a civil war as a
result.
We're confident that only through full and faithful
implementation of the Minsk agreements of February 12th, 2015, can we
put an end to the bloodshed and find a way out of the deadlock.
Ukraine's territorial integrity cannot be ensured by threat of force and
force of arms. What is needed is a genuine consideration for the
interests and rights of the people in the Donbas region and respect for
their choice. There is a need to coordinate with them as provided for by
the Minsk agreements, the key elements of the country's political
structure. These steps will guarantee that Ukraine will develop as a
civilized society, as an essential link and building a common space of
security and economic cooperation, both in Europe and in Eurasia.
Ladies
and gentlemen, I have mentioned these common space of economic
cooperation on purpose. Not long ago, it seemed that in the economic
sphere, with its objective market loss, we would launch a leaf (ph)
without dividing lines. We would build on transparent and jointly
formulated rules, including the WTO principles, stipulating the freedom
of trade, and investment and open competition.
Nevertheless,
today, unilateral sanctions circumventing the U.N. Charter have become
commonplace, in addition to pursuing political objectives. The sanctions
serve as a means of eliminating competitors.
I would like to
point out another sign of a growing economic selfishness. Some countries
[have] chosen to create closed economic associations, with the
establishment being negotiated behind the scenes, in secret from those
countries' own citizens, the general public, business community and from
other countries.
Other states whose interests may be affected
are not informed of anything, either. It seems that we are about to be
faced with an accomplished fact that the rules of the game have been
changed in favor of a narrow group of the privileged, with the WTO
having no say. This could unbalance the trade system completely and
disintegrate the global economic space.
These issues affect the
interest of all states and influence the future of the world economy as a
whole. That is why we propose discussing them within the U.N. WTO NGO
(ph) '20.
Contrary to the policy of exclusiveness, Russia
proposes harmonizing original economic projects. I refer to the
so-called integration of integrations based on universal and transparent
rules of international trade. As an example, I would like to cite our
plans to interconnect the Eurasian economic union, and China's
initiative of the Silk Road economic belt.
We still believe that
harmonizing the integration processes within the Eurasian Economic Union
and the European Union is highly promising.
Ladies and
gentlemen, the issues that affect the future of all people include the
challenge of global climate change. It is in our interest to make the
U.N. Climate Change Conference to be held in December in Paris a
success.
As part of our national contribution, we plan to reduce by 2030 the greenhouse emissions to 70, 75 percent of the 1990 level.
I
suggest, however, we should take a wider view on this issue. Yes, we
might defuse the problem for a while, by setting quotas on harmful
emissions or by taking other measures that are nothing but tactical. But
we will not solve it that way. We need a completely different approach.
We
have to focus on introducing fundamental and new technologies inspired
by nature, which would not damage the environment, but would be in
harmony with it. Also, that would allow us to restore the balance upset
by biosphere and technosphere (ph) upset by human activities.
It
is indeed a challenge of planetary scope, but I'm confident that
humankind has intellectual potential to address it. We need to join our
efforts. I refer, first of all, to the states that have a solid research
basis and have made significant advances in fundamental science.
We
propose convening a special forum under the U.N. auspices for a
comprehensive consideration of the issues related to the depletion of
natural resources, destruction of habitat and climate change.
Russia would be ready to co-sponsor such a forum.
Ladies
and gentlemen, colleagues, it was on the 10th of January, 1946, in
London that the U.N. General Assembly gathered for its first session.
Mr.
Suleta (ph) (inaudible), a Colombian diplomat and the chairman of the
Preparatory Commission, opened the session by giving, I believe, a
concise definition of the basic principles that the U.N. should follow
in its activities, which are free will, defiance of scheming and
trickery and spirit of cooperation.
Today, his words sound as a
guidance for all of us. Russia believes in the huge potential of the
United Nations, which should help us avoid a new global confrontation
and engage in strategic cooperation. Together with other countries, we
will consistently work towards strengthening the central coordinating
role of the U.N. I'm confident that by working together, we will make
the world stable and safe, as well as provide conditions for the
development of all states and nations.
Thank you.
(APPLAUSE)
END
